Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by increased sensitivity of the bronchi to various irritants and spasms of their muscles. This results in bouts of breathlessness, difficulty breathing, often accompanied by coughing and wheezing in the chest.
The manifestations of asthma can vary among different individuals. For some, asthma may be mild and infrequent, while for others, it can be severe and persistent. The main symptoms of asthma include:
- Shortness of breath: This is a sensation of difficulty breathing, which can occur during physical activity or at rest.
- Coughing: Often dry, especially at night or early in the morning. Coughing may be a reaction to irritants such as smoke, odors, cold air, and others.
- Wheezing: These are high-pitched whistling sounds that may occur during exhalation and sometimes during inhalation. They indicate narrowing of the bronchi and difficulty in airflow.
- Chest tightness: A feeling of pressure or heaviness in the chest may also be a symptom of asthma, especially during an attack.
Common triggers for asthma include:
- Allergens: Pollen, dust, pet dander, mold, and other allergens can trigger asthma attacks.
- Respiratory infections: Acute respiratory infections, such as colds or flu, can exacerbate asthma symptoms.
- Physical activity: Physical activity can be a trigger for asthma attacks in some individuals.
- Air pollution: Smoke, exhaust fumes, aerosols, and other pollutants can worsen asthma symptoms.
- Weather changes: Cold, dry air, as well as strong winds, can trigger asthma attacks.
- Emotional stress: Strong emotions such as fear, joy, or sadness can affect breathing and trigger attacks.
Treatment for asthma includes the use of anti-inflammatory medications, bronchodilators, trigger control, and lifestyle modifications aimed at improving the condition of the airways. It is important for each person with asthma to find an individualized approach to managing their condition with the help of a doctor.